陕北农村老年人的社会支持状况及相关影响因素分析

Status of social support and its influencing factors among the rural elderly in Northern Shaanxi

目的 了解陕北农村老年人社会支持状况及相关因素,为制定相关政策和干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）和一般情况调查问卷,对陕北农村地区多阶段分层整群抽样的514名60岁及以上老年人进行入户调查。结果 陕北地区农村老年人社会支持状况较好,社会支持总分13~52分,平均（34.25±7.24）分,其中客观支持（7.28±2.64）分,主观支持（20.15±4.44）分,对支持的利用度（6.82±2.16）分。社会支持的单因素分析显示婚姻状况、家庭关系、月收入、居住情况对老年人的社会支持总分的影响差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。经多元线性逐步回归分析,婚姻状况、年龄、家庭关系、月收入、居住情况是影响社会支持的主要因素（P均〈0.05）。结论 全社会应积极关注农村老年人人群,针对农村老年人的具体情况给予相应的社会支持,提高其生活质量。

Objective To investigate the social support condition and its related factors among the rural elderly in Northern Shaanxi so as to provide a scientific basis for developing the relevant strategies and intervention measures. Methods General condition questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale were employed to conduct household surveys among 514 rural elderly peo- ple aged 60 years or above and selected by multistage stratified cluster ,sampling in Northern Shaanxi. Results The social sup- port condition of the rural elderly in Northern Shaanxi was good. The total scores of social support were between 13 and 52 and the average score was （34.25 ± 7.24）. The average scores of objective support, subjective support and support utilization were （7.28 ± 2.64）, （20.15 ±4.44） and （6.82± 2.16） respectively. Single factor analysis indicated that marital status, family rela- tionship, monthly income and living conditions were the main factors affecting the total scores of social support of the elderly （P 〈 0.05）. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that marriage status, age, family relationship, monthly income and living conditions were the main factors affecting social support （all P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The whole ,society should pay close at- tention to the rural elderly population and give the corresponding social support based on the specific situation of the elderly people so as to improve their quality of life.