株洲市2008-2013年流行性感冒监测结果分析

Monitoring results of influenza in Zhuzhou City in 2008-2012

目的了解株洲市流感疫情变化规律,指导流感防控。方法对流感监测哨点医院报告的流感样病例(ILI)和辖区内报告的暴发疫情进行描述性分析,应用MDCK细胞对阳性标本进行病毒分离。结果 2008-2013年流感监测哨点医院共报告门诊病例总数1 749 601例,流感样病例113 108例,ILI%为6.46%。从2家监测哨点医院共采集ILI咽拭子样本4 503份,经MDCK细胞分离、血凝抑制方法总共鉴定流感病毒743株,总分离率为16.50%,其中甲型H1N1有67株,新型甲型H1N1有101株,H3N2型225株,B型(Yamagata系)92株,B型(Victoria系)258株,各型流感病毒季节性消长趋势明显。流感样病例暴发疫情9起,均发生在学校,发病人数419例,波及人数19 175人,罹患率为2.18%。结论流感样病例数变化规律与病原学监测结果相一致,学校是今后的监测重点,应加强人群的健康教育,监测网络的敏感性有待进一步提高。

Objective To investigate the variation law of influenza epidemic so as to guide its prevention and control. Meth- ods The influenza - like illness （ILI） cases and the outbreaks reported by the influenza sentinel hospitals in Zhuzhou City were descriptively analyzed. RT- PCR was used for influenza virus nucleic acid detection, and MI）CK cell was used for isolation of vir- uses. Results A total of 1,749,601 outpatients were reported by the two sentinel hospitals from 2008 to 2013, and the num- ber of ILI cases was 113,108, with the percentage of 6.46 %. A total of 4,503 throat swab specimens were collected from ILI cases of the two sentinel hospitals, and 743 strains of influenza viruses were isolated after MDCK cell isolation and hemagglutina- tion inhibition assay. The total isolation rate was 16.50%, with 67 influenza A （H1N1）, 101 novel influenza A （H1N1）, 225 influenza A （H3N2）, 92 B/Yamagata lineage and 258 B/Victoria lineage. All types of influenza viruses showed obviously sea- sonal variations. There were 9 ILI outbreaks reported, and all occurred in schools. 419 individuals were identified as influenza and 19,175 were involved, with the attack rate of 2.18 %. Conclusions The variation of the number of ILI cases is consis- tent with the results of etiological surveillance. The future emphasis in monitoring should be put on schools. It is necessary to in- tensify the related health education among the populations and further improve the sensitivity of the monitoring network.