工商资本进入农村土地市场的机制和问题研究——安徽省大岗村土地流转模式的调查

Mechanism and Trap Study of Business Capital into the Rural Land Market:A Survey from Dagang Village Government-led model in Anhui Province

由于市场力量、政策与制度的原因及利益的驱动,工商资本大举进入农村土地市场。工商资本进入农村土地市场给农业升级带来资金等现代要素的同时,也产生了新的问题。从资本在农村土地流转合同的签约来看,资本进入农村土地市场的具体方式一般有三种:企业直接与农户签订合同(出租)、企业直接和村两委会签订合同(反租倒包)、村两委会成立公司再分别和企业、农户签订合同(变形的反租倒包)。无论哪种方式,资本和农村土地的结合都离不开行政力量。但是,这种行政力量主导的农村土地流转,模糊了政府和市场的边界,只注重"引"而非"导",企业、农户和村委均遇到了压力。所以,资本下乡,一定要"产业先行",并且要对资本如何退出预先做好制度安排,同时,还要注意其引起的"非粮化"问题及农村社会分化问题。

Due to market forces, policy and profit-driven factors, business capital poured into the rural land market. The upgrade and new problems of agriculture were brought about by the capital at the same time. Judged from the land transfer contracts, there are generally three specific ways for the capital to enter the rural land transfer which are contracts directly signed with farmers （rental）, contracts directly signed with village committee （anti-rent to contract）, contracts directly signed between the village committee and the farmers （the deformation of anti-rent to contract）. Whatever, the executive power is so important for the combination of capital and land. But the companies, farmers and village committee have encountered some problems after rural land transfer led by the executive power. So, ＂industry first＂ must be done for the capital to the countryside. In addition, the problems of ＂non-food＂ and rural social differentiation should be paid attention.