身高、质量及腰靠凸起对驾驶员腰部载荷的影响

Effects of Body Height,Weight and Lumbar Support Prominence on Driver's Lumbarloadings

在现有Christophy脊柱肌骨模型的基础上创建了可求解腰部关节力、肌肉载荷的驾驶员生物力学模型,通过Matlab-OpenSim联合仿真求解了驾驶员人椅接触界面接触反力及摩擦力,从关节反力及腰部肌肉负载的角度尝试解释了身高、体质量、腰靠凸起厚度对舒适度影响的内在机理。结果表明:驾驶员腰部载荷随体质量的增加近线性增加,但与身高的相关度较低;4cm凸起腰靠支撑下的驾驶员较2cm凸起腰靠支撑下的腰部肌肉群等效载荷平均降低了7.4%,腰部椎间关节力平均降低了18.6%。所提出的仿真方法可以实现不同腰靠支撑下腰部载荷的定量评估,适用于指导人机工程中座椅腰靠的舒适性设计。

This paper created a driver model that can estimate lumbar vertebral joint reaction forces and muscle forces based on Christophy musculoskeletal lumbar spine model, solved the contact interactions between driver and seat via Matlab-OpenSim co-simulations, and tried to explain inherent mechanism of effects of body weight, height and lumbar support prominence （LSP） on driving comfort with help of the estimated vertebral joint reaction forces and muscle forces. Results： lumbar loadings are almost linearly related to body weight, but have limited relation with body height. Lumbar muscle groups＇ averaged loadings in balancing drivers＇ posture under 4 cm LSP was 7.4% lower than that under 2 cm LSP. Similar, joint reaction force at lumbar level L4-L5 under 4 cm LSP was 18. 6% lower than that under 2 cm LSP. The proposed method can achieve quantitative assessments of lumbar support＇s effects which can help design of comfort lumbar support in car seats.