唯物史观与“新史学”的演进

Historical Materialism and the Evolution of New Historiography

以往将"新史学"限定于20世纪初至"五四"前后的做法并不准确,实则,其与新历史考证学、马克思主义史学一齐构成民国时期中国史学的基本格局。新史学学者对唯物史观采取既接受又批评的态度,常以"经济史观"对其理论内核加以定位,并试图建构"综合史观"与之抗衡,从而实现理论体系的更新。此外,他们还依照各自的理解将唯物史观熔铸于史书编纂及对历史现象、历史事件、历史人物的分析和评价中。唯物史观对新史学的广泛影响说明,马克思主义史学的发展、壮大乃是源自理论体系的先进以及研究成绩的突出,是学术发展的逻辑结果,而非政治的产物。

New historiography, which is improperly restricted to the beginning of the 20th century and the May 4th Movement period, gradually developed into a great school which evolved hand in hand with the new historical textual research school and the Marxist school of historiography. The new historiography school adopted an eclectic attitude towards historical materialism and tried to establish a comprehensive historical view to update the theoretical system and contend with it. Historical materialism was also applied to historical research in accordance with respective understandings. The development of the Marxist historiography is propelled by its advanced theoretical system. It was the logical result of academic rather than political development.