纳米技术在乳腺癌治疗研究中的进展

Progress of nanotechnology on the treatment of breast cancer

近年来,纳米技术作为一项新的技术开拓了医学的新领域,为治疗很多疾病提供了新的方法。在乳腺癌治疗的研究中,发现纳米载体能很好地携带乳腺癌常用化疗药物,并能稳定释放药物。纳米材料在乳腺癌治疗方面有很好的靶向作用。在被动靶向方面,纳米载体能利用肿瘤微环境的改变提高增强渗透滞留效应,增加肿瘤局部药物浓度,进而提高抗乳腺癌效果;在主动靶向方面,乳腺癌分子靶向及磁性纳米微粒介导的靶向可提高乳腺癌细胞对抗癌药物的摄入。此外,纳米载体利用靶向效应部分逆转乳腺癌多药耐药,利用沉默相关耐药基因达到加强逆转的效果的作用。对于乳腺癌转移方面,纳米药物载体可以降低乳腺癌转移的风险,提高治疗乳腺癌骨转移的效果,对乳腺癌相关骨质疏松有一定的治疗效果。纳米技术在乳腺癌治疗中的应用前景越来越广阔。

In recent years, nanotechnology as a new technology expands the field of medicine, and provides a new method for the treatment of many diseases. For breast cancer, some studies found that nanoparticles used as carders could well carry conventional chemotherapy drugs and release drugs stably. Targeted therapy is an important application of nanomaterials in the treatment of breast cancer, including active and passive targeting. On passive targeting, nanoparticles can improve the enhanced permeability and retention effect and increase local drug concentration in tumor cells by changing the tumor microenvironments, so as to improve the effect of anti-breast cancer therapy. On active targeting, molecular targeting and magnetic nanoparticles mediated targeting can increase the uptake of anticancer drugs in breast cancer cells. In addition, nanoparticles can reverse the multi-drug resistance of breast cancer based on targeting effect and silencing related resistant genes. For the metastasis of breast cancer, nano-drug carrier can reduce the risk of breast cancer metastasis, improve effectiveness of treatment of bone metastasis in breast cancer and have a certain therapeutic effect on osteoporosis. The application prospect of nanoteclanology in the treatments of breast cancer will be wider and wider.