试析江南周代土墩墓中“一墩多墓”的结构与形式

The Analysis on the Structure and Form of the “a Mound with More Tombs” in the Mound Tomb,in the South of the Yangtze River,in the Zhou Dynasty

本文首先梳理总结了有关江南地区周代土墩墓中"一墩多墓"现象的发现、争论与确认的认识历程,指出"一墩多墓"现象确实存在并比较常见。进而通过对土墩内部墓葬形制、布局及层位关系的考察,指出"一墩多墓"存在着向心结构与不规则结构两种形式。前者墩内墓葬存在一定的布局安排,中心墓葬与周围墓葬之间主从关系明显,很可能是出于某种规制而成。这一形式大体流行于西周晚期至春秋时期,并集中发现于茅山两侧的宁镇丘陵地区。后者则大多为晚期墓葬选建于早期土墩之上或之旁而逐渐形成,墩内墓葬之间不具备明显的主从关系。这一形式是江南地区土墩墓中"一墩多墓"的主流形式。

This paper summarizes the cognition process of the found, argument and confirmation of the Multi-tomb in one mound in the south of the Yangtze River during the Zhou period at first. We believe that this phenomenon existed indeed and more common. Then we investigate the tomb structure, layout and position relations inside the mound, and point out that there were different forms of the Multi-tomb in one mound： Centripetal Structure and Irregular Structure. There was a certain layout between the tombs in one mound in the form of Centripetal Structure. The master-slave relationship between the center tomb and the surroundings was obvious. Maybe it emerged of some regulation. This form generally prevalent during the late of Western Zhou period and the Spring and Autumn period around the Ningzhen hilly area. But in the Irregular Structure, most of the later tombs were built on the mound before or aside of it. The master-slave relationship between the tombs inside of the mound was unobvious. And this form was the mainstream form of the multi-tomb in one mound in the south of the Yangtze River.