移动互联网时代出租汽车行业管制改革

Regulation Reform for Taxi Sector in a Mobile Internet Era

出租汽车兼具个体交通和公共交通的双重特性,在城市交通系统中具有无可替代的重要作用。然而,出租汽车独特的服务特征使得如何管理一直备受争议,特别是进入移动互联网时代后,分歧进一步扩大。基于出租汽车的服务特征,从财产权与制度经济学的视角观察和剖析出租汽车管制,重新构建出租汽车的管制框架并提出改革思路。指出出租汽车运行的外部环境与技术条件存在较大地区差异,应允许各地探索有区别的多样化管制模式。对于巡租出租汽车行业,要以价格管制改革作为切入点;对于约租出租汽车行业,要建立新的监管体系;同时规范汽车合乘,通过汽车共享平衡专业运输高峰供需关系。

With the dual characteristics of individual transport mode and transit, taxi plays an essential role in urban transportation system. However, many controversies have been existing due to its inher-ent charac-teristics. These controversies are even more intense entering into a mobile Internet era. Based on the char-acteristics of taxi service, this paper discusses taxi regulation from perspectives of property right and insti-tutional economics, and proposes a framework for taxi market regula-tion along with reform suggestions. Considering the significant differences in external environ-ment and technical conditions for taxi industries among different cities, the paper suggests to de-velop different regulatory regimes. The paper emphasizes reforming price control system for the cruising taxi services and developing a new regulation system for hire vehicle market. And at the same time, it is necessary to promote not for profit car-pooling and car-shar-ing practices to man-age supply-demand balance during peak hours.