大城市公交评价指标体系和公交竞争力指数研究

Evaluation Framework and Competitiveness Index of Public Transportation for Large Cities

公交评价指标研究一直是学界探讨的热点,然而已有研究侧重于从服务水平层面探讨公交的评价指标,无法全面、综合地反映公共交通发展状况。针对这一问题,从国家战略、交通规划、交通运作和乘客感受四方面出发构建城市公交评价指标体系,给出指标具体计算方法。对指标进行标准评分,进而构建公交竞争力指数及计算模型,便于从整体把握公共交通发展程度以及在同类城市间进行比较。最后,以北京、上海、广州3个超大城市为例,计算各指标评分及公交竞争力指数,结果与交通实际状况较为吻合,验证了评价方法的可靠性。

Development of public transportation evaluation indices has always been a research focus in the academia. However, most exiting studies, concentrated on the transit level of service, are inadequate to comprehensively assess the development of public transportation. To address the problem, this paper devel-ops an urban public transportation evaluation framework from the aspects of national strategies, transporta-tion planning, operation and passenger satisfaction, along with the calculation methods of various evalua-tion indices. In order to assess the overall development of public transportation and compare the results be-tween cities, the paper categorizes evaluation indices and develops competitiveness index and its calcula-tion model. Finally, taking three mega cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as examples, the paper estimates the values of each evaluation criterion as well as the competitiveness index of public transporta-tion in those cities. The results are consistent with actual transportation situation, which validates the reli-ability of the proposed evaluation methodology.