城市道路分级与设置条件研究

Urban Roadway Classification and Settings

面对机动化和城镇化的快速发展,中国正处于必须认真梳理城市道路分级与交通组织方式、并做出转变的关键时期。通过对比分析中国、美国、日本的道路等级划分理论及案例,指出国内外道路分级存在较大差异且中国相关规范较为粗泛。通过对居住密度、出行方式、出行距离、土地利用、车流特征、道路线型等道路分级影响因素进行探讨,建议中国城市道路划分为4个功能等级和7个设计等级,并给出相应的设置条件建议。强调合理的道路分级既应保障城市跨区域交通高效的通过性,也应为小尺度交通活动和城市土地利用提供便利、安全的可达性;应将道路资源有效配置给公共交通、行人、自行车以及机动车,从而优化交通结构、提高交通运行效率。

Facing rapid motorization and urbanization, it is critical for China to examine urban roadway classification and traffic organization, and make changes accordingly. By comparing related theories and practice of roadway classification in China, U.S. and Japan, this paper points out that roadway network classification in China is quite different from those in other countries and related specifications in China are relatively rough. Based on an analysis of influential factors on roadway classification including residen-tial density, travel mode, travel distance, land use, traffic flow characteristics and roadway design, the pa-per proposes an urban roadway hierarchy including 4 functional levels and 7 design levels in China, along with corresponding setting suggestions. The paper further emphasizes that a reasonable roadway classifica-tion should not only guarantee effective passing of urban cross-regional traffic, but also ensure convenient and safe accessibility for small-scale transportation activities and urban land use. The paper also stresses that road resources should be effectively allocated to pedestrian, bicycle, automobile and public transit so as to optimize travel mode share and traffic flow efficiency.