追求精细化的街道设计——《伦敦街道设计导则》解读

To Pursue Delicate Street Design-Discussion on Streetscape Guidance: A Guide to Better London Streets

自20世纪90年代,英国的交通政策就在向整合交通和土地利用规划的方向努力。伦敦交通局于2004年发布了《伦敦街道设计导则》(以下简称《导则》),并于2009年修订。该导则作为"更好的街道"计划的一部分,对伦敦市区的街道项目具有重要的引导作用。首先通过叙述伦敦市街道形态与规划政策的演变,介绍《导则》的政策背景、概要内容及设计原则。从设计流程、材料面板、街道设计指引几个方面解析《导则》的特点。通过研究伦敦市的道路形态和街道设计现状,评述《导则》的落实与应用情况。最后,从全过程精细化指导、规范标准补充、街道设计理念转变三个方面总结《导则》对中国城市街道设计的借鉴意义。

Since the 1990s, the U.K. transportation policies have been oriented towards integrating trans-portation and land use planning. Streetscape Guidance：A guide to better London streets was released by Transport for London （TfL） in 2004 and revised in 2009. The Guidance, as a part of the Better Street pro-gram, plays an important guidance role in street projects of London urban area. By stating the evolution of street development and planning policies in London, this paper introduces the policy background, main contents and design principles of the Guidance. Characteristics of the Guidance are discussed from the per-spectives of design procedures, materials selection, and street design principles. By analyzing existing street development and design, the paper reviews the implementation and application of the Guidance. Fi-nally, the paper summarizes lessons learned from the Guidance for urban street design in China in three as-pects： whole-process delicate guidance, specifications and standards supplementation, and the change of street design concept.