万隆会议与东南亚区域主义发展

The Bandong Conference and the Development of Regionalism in Southeast Asia

万隆会议(即1955年亚非会议)进程源自两次亚洲关系会议,经由科伦坡国家会议倡议而正式启动,直至第二次亚非会议夭折而最终结束。东南亚国家在万隆会议进程中扮演了至关重要的角色,并使自身的议题成为共同的核心关注,以至于这一进程中表现出明显的"东南亚特征",从而对东南亚区域主义的孕育和发展产生了重要的历史性和规范性影响。从历史看,万隆会议进程不但在很大程度上满足了东南亚的区域需求、塑造了印度尼西亚的区域领导地位,而且框定了东南亚国家与域外大国的关系、增进了东南亚区域认同的建构,从而推动了东南亚区域主义的孕育和发展。从规范看,万隆会议进程不但采用了协商一致的共识性决策程序,形成了二战后区域合作特定的"亚洲方式",而且将不干预、主权平等、和平相处、不结盟、非正式等"核心规范"作为国际关系的"基本行为准则";两者与会议所奉行的"求同存异"原则及会议所凝聚的"团结、友谊、合作"氛围共同构成泛亚洲主义框架内跨区域合作进程中著名的"万隆精神",统称为"万隆规范",并成为此后东南亚区域主义尤其是东盟框架内"东盟方式"和"东盟规范"的核心来源,从而促进了"万隆规范"的"东盟化"。这显示出亚洲区域主义与东南亚区域主义在经验和规范上的互动和共生关系。

The Bandung Conference process,(i.e.,the Asian-African Conference of 1955) originated from two Asian Relations Conferences,launched officially during Colombo Powers conferences,and eventually ended with the failure of the second AsianAfrican Conference.In the process,Southeast Asian states played a vital role,and made their own issues become the core of the common concern,so that it shows an undeniable Southeast Asian characteristic,and thus has great important historic and normative influence on the development of regionalism in the region.From a historical perspective,the Bandung Conference process met the common political and economic demand of the Southeast Asian states to a great extent,shaped Indonesia regional leadership role,framed relations of the southeast Asian states with major powers outside the region,enhanced the construction of the southeast Asia regional identity,and thus promoted the formation and development of regionalism in Southeast Asia.From a normative perspective,the Bandung Conference adopted the consensus decision-making process and formed a unique ' Asian Way' of regional cooperation after the Second World War,articulated and advanced some core norms as the basic code of conduct in international relations,which include non-interference,sovereign equality,peaceful coexistence,non-alignment,informality and the like.The Asian way and core norms along with the representatives' adherence to the principle of ' seeking common ground while putting aside differences' and the condensed atmosphere of ' unity,friendship,cooperation' among them,which constitutes ' Bandung Norms' as the famous ' Bandung Spirit' in the trans-regional cooperation process within the framework of Pan-Asianism,become the core normative sources of regionalism in southeast Asia,especially the ' ASEAN Way' and ' ASEAN Norms' within the framework of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN),and thus promote the so-called ASEANization of' Bandung Norms'.It shows that there are some obvious interactive and symbiotic relations between experiences and norms of regionalism in Asia and Southeast Asia.