彝语复合词构词的结构与形类研究

Study on the Structure and Form Class of Word-formation of Compound Word in Yi Language

利用Packard的形类描写法对彝语复合词构词的结构和形类进行描写。还借鉴了其语素的四分法:功能词(自由的、功能的),根词(自由的、实义的),粘着词(粘着的、实义的),词缀(粘着的、功能的)。彝语复合词构词法类型丰富,其中名词有5种;形容词有4种;动词构词法比较单一,主要有2种;还存在一定量的多音节复合词。从构词语素的自由程度来看,无论哪种词类,主要呈根词+根词、根词语素+粘着词根语素、粘着词根语素+根词的形式。

Using the method of form class description backward to yi compound word formation structure and form class, Yi compound word formation type is rich, which has five kinds of noun. Adjectives, there are four. There are two kinds of word-formation of verbs. There are also a certain amount of multiple syllable compound words. From the nature of the structure of the word, the inability of which kind of speech, mainly in the root word＋root words, root morpheme＋bound root morpheme and bound root morpheme＋root word.