HIV实验室检测策略

Introduction of Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)laboratory testing algorithm

目前,临床诊断和疫情监测对于艾滋病(AIDS)预防控制工作十分重要。但临床诊断及疫情监测则是基于实验室检测。随着艾滋病防治工作的不断深入,针对艾滋病病毒(HIV)的实验室检测策略也在不断完善和发展。因此建立一种敏感性高、特异性强的检测策略,对于控制艾滋病的流行尤为重要。该文从HIV检测策略的提出、评价和应用进行了阐述。通过对各种检测策略的综合分析,应用第四代抗原抗体联合检测试剂的检测策略可进一步缩短窗口期,发现急性期感染者,从而对中国现行的检测策略提出了新的选择。

Surveillance and clinical diagnosis are very important for prevention and control of Human immuno- deficiency virus （HIV）/AIDS. Moreover, they are all based on the laboratory tests. Facing the challenge of HIV/ AIDS prevention and control, it is very necessary to establish the HIV laboratory testing algorithm with high sensi- tivity and specificity. This paper reviews how to put forward the HIV testing algorithm, the evaluation of HIV tes- ting algorithm and the application of HIV testing algorithm. As was shown in testing algorithms in different coun- tries, the application of HIV-1/2 antigen/antibody combination immunoassay could shorten the window period and thus detect more acute infections, which offered an alternative to the current national testing algorithms in China.