贵阳市主栽茶区茶树花的开花习性与生物量

Flowering Habit and Biomass of Tea Flower in Main Tea Plantations in Guiyang

为给适时采摘和科学开发利用茶树花资源提供依据,对贵阳市乌当、小河、白云等茶叶主茶区湄潭苔茶、福鼎大白茶和黔湄601等3个茶叶主栽品种的茶树花生物学特性和生物量等进行调查分析。结果表明:3个主栽品种在不同产地的全花期长短不一;露白期在9月10日至10月6日,早晚相差27 d,乌当茶区茶树露白早于其他茶区。茶树盛花期的起讫日和盛花期日数品种间存在差异,茶树盛花期起始在10月7-21日,湄潭苔茶较早,黔湄601最晚,早晚相差近15 d,盛花期在10月上旬至11月中旬。湄潭苔茶的盛花期平均为37.5 d,福鼎大白茶的盛花期平均为36 d,黔湄601盛花期平均为27 d。茶树的开花量集中在10月中旬至11月中旬。茶树品种间产花量差异显著,其中,以福鼎大白茶最高,平均产干花25.9 kg/667m2;黔湄601次之,平均产干花18.06 kg/667m2;湄潭苔茶花最低,平均产干花12.62 kg/667m2。应根据不同茶树品种的开花习性合理适时采摘并进行茶树花的加工利用。

The biological characteristics and biomass of tea flower of Meitantaicha,Fudingdabaicha and Qianmei 601（ three main tea varieties planted in Wudan,Xiaohe and Baiyun District,Guiyang） were analyzed to provide the scientific basis for timely harvest of tea flowers and scientific development and utilization of tea flower resources. Three tea varieties had different total flowering stages in different cultivation areas. The budding germination stage of three tea varieties was from 10,September to 6,October and day difference was 27 d. The budding germination stage of three tea varieties planted in Wudan District is earlier than other Districts. There were differences in the beginning and the end day,and the duration of full flowering stage between different tea varieties. The beginning day of full flowering stage was from 7,October to 21,October and day difference was nearly 15 d. The beginning day of full flowering stage of Meitantaicha is the earliest,followed by Fudingdabaicha and Qianmei 601. The duration of full flowering stage of three tea varieties is from the first ten-day period of October to the middle ten-day period of November. The average duration of full flowering stage of Meitantaicha,Fudingdabaicha and Qianmei 601 is 37. 5d,36 d and 27 d respectively. The flowering amount of tea varieties is from the middle ten-day period of October to the middle ten-day period of November mainly. There was significant difference in flower amount between different tea varieties. The average dry flower biomass of Fudingdabaicha,Qianmei 601 and Meitantaicha were 25. 9,18. 06 and 12. 62 kg /667m2,separately. Rational harvest time determined by the flowering habit of different tea varieties was the important technical key in processing and utilization of tea flower.