川农16和川麦42在氮磷钾胁迫下养分积累、分配和利用

Effect of Nutrient Accumulation,Distribution and Use Efficiency of Chuannong 16 and Chuanmai 42 under N,P and K Stress

以四川地区代表性品种川农16和川麦42为材料,采用盆栽试验研究其在全营养、氮胁迫、磷胁迫和钾胁迫下的生长、养分积累、分配和利用。氮磷钾胁迫显著降低川农16和川麦42有效分蘖、籽粒产量和养分积累,氮胁迫影响最显著,其次是磷胁迫,然后是钾胁迫。氮磷钾胁迫会促进二者株高增加,磷胁迫最明显。川农16和川麦42在不同处理下部位间氮磷钾积累量差异明显。氮磷主要积累在籽粒,氮在籽粒中分配率为67.64%~77.30%;磷在籽粒中分配率为59.05%~69.41%,磷在穗部分配率为84.73%~92.46%;钾主要积累在茎中,分配率为46.87%~55.72%。氮胁迫提高二者氮钾利用效率,降低磷利用效率;磷胁迫提高氮磷利用效率和收获指数;钾胁迫提高钾收获指数,降低氮磷利用效率。川农16和川麦42在氮磷钾胁迫下生长、养分积累、养分分配和养分利用差异明显。川农16在4个处理下最大分蘖、有效分蘖显著好于川麦42,川麦42的穗长、穗粒重、穗粒数、千粒重,以及单分蘖根、茎、叶和颖壳重显著优于川农16。磷钾胁迫下川麦42单分蘖根、茎、叶、颖壳和籽粒中氮磷钾积累高于川农16。同时,川麦42在氮磷钾胁迫下籽粒中养分分配率较高,养分利用效率也较优。由此可推知,氮磷钾胁迫显著影响小麦的生长,小麦的穗数、穗重受遗传基因控制。川麦42在氮磷钾胁迫下的农艺性状、养分积累、养分分配和养分利用方面优于川农16。

A pot experiment was conducted to study growth,nutrient accumulation and utilization efficiency of Chuannong 16（ CN16） and Chuanmai 42（ CM42）,which were two typical cultivar wheat in Sichuan,under nitrogen（ N）,phosphorus（ P） and potassium（ K） stresses. Effective tillers,grain yield and nutrient accumulation of CN16 and CM42 were significantly reduced under N,P and K stresses,and were affected the most significantly under N stress,followed by P stress,then K stress. N,P and K stress increased plant height of CN16 and CM42,which was the most obvious under P stress. The differences of nutrient accumulation between CN16 and CM42 were significant under different treatments. N and P were mainly accumulated in grain,and N distribution ratio in grain was from 67. 64 % to 77. 30 %,P distribution ratio in grain was from 59. 05 % to 69. 41 %,P distribution ratio in spike was from 84. 73 % to 92. 46 %. K were mainly accumulated in the stem,the allocation ratio was from 46. 87 % to 55. 72%. The use efficiency of N and K were increased under N stress,and P use efficiency was reduced. N and P use efficiency and harvest index were increased under P stress. K harvest index was increased under K stress,N and P use efficiency were reduced. The differences of growth,nutrient accumulation,nutrient distribution and nutrient use efficiency between CN16 and CM42 were obvious under N,P and K stress. The maximum tillers and maximum tillers of CN16 were more than CM42 under the four different treatments,while spike length,grain weight per spike,kernels number per spike,1000-grain weight,root weight,stem weight,leaf weight and spike weight per tiller of CM42 were higher than CN16. N,P and K accumulation in root,stem,leaf,spike and grain per tiller of CM42 were higher than CN16. In the same time,nutrient distribution ratio in grain of CM42 was higher than CN16,and nutrient use efficiency of CM42 was higher than CN16 under N,P and K stress. Therefore,N,P and K stresses significantly influenced growth,spike number,spike weight under N,P and K stress,which were controlled by gene. The agronomic traits,nutrient accumulation,nutrient allocation and nutrient utilization of CM42 were better than CN16 under N,P and K stresses.