非编码RNA与哺乳动物生殖细胞生长发育

Effects of Non-coding RNAs on Cytogenesis and Development of Mammalian Germ Cell

基因转录后调控是表观遗传学的主要内容,是指通过DNA层面的修饰使原来拥有相同基因型的不同组织或细胞呈现出不同的表型和功能。非编码RNA作为此表观遗传调控的主要执行者之一,能够在转录水平调控蛋白质丰度,在生殖系统中更是发挥了基础调节者的作用。广义的非编码RNA包含了r RNA、t RNA、微小RNA(mi RNA)、小干扰RNA(si RNA)、Piwi蛋白相互作用的RNA(pi RNA)和长链非编码RNA(lnc RNA)等。由于r RNA、t RNA已被人们较为熟知,文章主要选取mi RNA、si RNA、pi RNA等非编码RNA,针对其近期的研究进展,阐述该类非编码RNA在哺乳动物生殖细胞中的表达以及对生殖细胞发生、成熟的影响及作用机制。与此同时,还对另一类非编码RNA——lnc RNA做基本的介绍。

Post-transcriptional regulation is defined that the different tissues or cells owned the same genotypes present variant phenotypes and function via the modification of DNA, which is the main content of epigenetics. As one of the major contributors to the epigenetical regulation, non-coding ribonucleic acid （ncRNA） molecules can regulate the protein abundance at the level of transcription. It was showed that ncRNAs specifically play fundamental regulatory roles in the reproductive tissues. Generally, ncRNAs include rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, siRNA, piRNA and lncRNA. rRNA and tRNA have already been well known. In this review, the effects of ncRNAs mainly including miRNA, siRNA and piRNA in mammalian germ cells, as well as the mechanism, were elucidated, such as cytogenesis, development and maturation of germ cells. And also, lncRNA was briefly introduced.