国际政治背景下乌克兰危机中的能源博弈

Energy Game in Ukraine Crisis in the International Political Context

2014的俄乌冲突与2006年和2009年的两次天然气纠纷大不相同。此次冲突引起国际社会广泛的关注,背后隐藏着美国、俄罗斯、欧盟各国围绕地缘政治和能源展开的激烈博弈。由于乌克兰西连欧盟,东连俄罗斯,是欧盟各国从俄罗斯进口油气资源的必经之地,在地缘政治上具有十分重要的战略地位,能源在乌克兰危机中更凸显出重要的筹码作用。在此次危机中,俄罗斯采取油气出口多元化战略,减少对乌克兰的过境依赖;欧盟加快能源进口多样化步伐;美国也试图以能源为武器,增加干预乌克兰危机的筹码,挤占俄罗斯在欧洲的能源市场份额。通过乌克兰危机中的能源博弈,可以从一个侧面更好地理解和分析乌克兰危机中的大国博弈和未来走向。

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine in 2014 is different from the natural gas disputes in 2006 and 2009 be-tween the two nations. This conflict has aroused wide concern in the international community,behind which is the intense“game”among the United States,Russia and the European Union relating to geopolitics and energy. To the west of Ukraine is European Union,and to the east,Russia. Oil and gas imported to EU countries from Russia must go through its territory, which gives Ukraine a strategic position of great geopolitical importance. Thus,energy plays critical roles in Ukraine crisis. In the Russia-Ukraine crisis in 2014,Russia diversified its oil and gas export strategies to reduce its dependence on Ukraine;the EU accelerated the pace of diversification of energy imports;the United States attempted to take away Russia’s share of the energy market in Europe by using energy as a bargaining chip in its intervention on Ukraine crisis. A study on the energy game in the Ukraine crisis offers an angle for better understanding the game among nations involved and the prospect of the Ukraine crisis.