从“主观意图”论《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》的国际条约性质——纪念世界反法西斯战争和中国人民抗日战争胜利70周年

On the International Treaty Nature of the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation from the Perspective of Subjective Intention——For the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the Chinese People's War

缔约各方的"主观意图"对于国际文书的法律性质具有决定性作用。考察《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》缔约各方的主观意图应当考察拟约当时中美英各方的主观意图。通过考察发现,《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》拟订时的中美英三方有意使《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》产生国际法下的约束性义务,即赋予《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》国际条约的性质。

The subjective intention of Contracting Parties plays a decisive role on the legal nature of an in- ternational instrument. To determine the Contracting Parties＇ subjective intention of the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation should investigate the subjective intention of China, the US and the UK when these two instruments were being drafted. After a careful study, it is found that when China, the US and the UK were drafting out the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, they intentionally made it have binding obligations under international law, i.e. entitled the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proc-lamation as an international treaty.