从“搭便车”到“被搭便车”:中国供应地区安全公共产品的选择

From “Free-rider” to “Supplier”: The Choice of China to Supply Regional Security Public Goods

美国将中国视为一个"搭便车者",免费地享受美国霸权带来的效益。但事实上,在东亚地区,由于美国提供安全公共产品的方式、产品的性质、美国对中国的矛盾心态以及中国对周边安全环境稳定的渴求决定了中国不可能搭便车。随着中国实力的增长、东亚权力格局的变动以及由此而来的美国亚太战略的调整,中国在东亚安全公共产品的供给中逐渐成为一个"被搭便车者",并向其他国家提供三类安全公共产品:安全效应、观念类、制度类安全公共产品。中国在东亚提供安全公共产品并非要挑战美国的主导地位,其更多是起到弥补供应不足的作用。中国在提供安全公共产品时,不能将目光仅局限在安全领域内,不能将供应方式仅拘泥于凭借中国自身去倡导,"以权力生产权力"和"用制度生产制度"是两种较为理想的选择。

America views China as a ＂free rider＂ to enjoy free benefits from American hegemony. In fact, because of the mode of supplying security public goods of America, the nature of those security public goods supplied by America, the conflicted attitudes that America treats China, and a burning desire for stable se- curity circumstances around China, it is impossible for China to be a free rider in East Asia. Accompanying the growth of China＇s power, changes of east Asian power structure and strategic adjustment of America, China has become a supplier and benefited free riders to supply three kinds of security public goods ： securi- ty effect, security concept and security regimes. In East Asia, China tries to supply security public goods that will make up for the deficiencies of security public goods supplied by America rather than challenge the dominance of America or exclude those public goods that are supplied by America. To supply security pub- lic goods, China should not be limited to security domain but search for new supply approaches, should not just rely on itself. For China, there are two effective choices to supply public goods： ＂make power to pro- duce power＂ and ＂use regime to produce regime＂.