现代学徒制培养模式的核心要素探析——以德国“双元制”为例

Study on Key Elements of the Modern Apprenticeship Training Model——A Case Study of German "Dual System"

我国现代学徒制实践中存在一些问题,比如在学生培养上,部分学校过分让利于企业;把现代学徒制中"企业"的一元,简化为传统学徒制;把现代学徒制中学校与企业的"整合",弱化为"连接"或"仅仅具有企业元素"等。从德国"双元制"中教室、实验室、实训车间、工作场所等教学场所的功能,及教学计划的特点,可以发现现代学徒制是以理论与实践、思维与行动、具体与系统的整合为依据,多种教学机会组合而成。因此,本文提出企业学校交替教学、小学期制、企业培训系统化、重视学校实训等建议。

There exist some problems of modern apprenticeship practice in China. For example, some school make excessive concessions to enterprises on the issue of training students; enterprise training in modern apprenticeship is simplified to traditional apprenticeship ; ＂ integration＂ of school and enterprise in modern apprenticeship is weakened to ＂connection＂ . From the characteristics of teaching program and the functions of classroom, laboratory, training workshop, workplace in German ＂dual system＂, it＇ s found that core elements of modem apprenticeship are the integration of theory and practice, thinking and action, concrete and system. Therefore, this paper put forward some suggestions, such as the alternate training of school and enterprise, small semesters, systematization of enterprise training, great attention to practical training in school.