逻辑性和相似性对特征推理的影响

The Influence of Logicality and Similarity in Feature Predictive Reasoning

该文采用归纳结合演绎的特征推理范式,探索逻辑性以及相似性对特征推理的影响。103名大学生被试参加了实验。实验1结果表明,在确定性推理方式下,逻辑性显著影响特征推理,而相似性则对特征推理没有显著影响。实验2结果表明,在可能性推理方式下,逻辑性仍然显著影响特征推理,同时,相似性也显著地影响了特征推理,且两者呈正相关。两个实验结果表明,逻辑性在确定和可能性推理方式下都显著影响特征推理,而相似性只在可能性推理方式下产生显著的影响,并讨论了归纳推理和演绎推理是否属于一个认知系统的重要观点。

This paper developed a feature predictive task to explore the influence of logicality and similarity. 120 participants were paid to take part in two experimentz. The experiment 1 showed that people tend to ignore the influence of similarity no matter the arguments was logical or not in certainty reasoning ,p 〉 0.05;by contrary, the experiment 2 showed that similarity played a very important role in possibility reasoning, no matter the arguments was logical or not,p 〈 0.01. The results of two experiments suggested that people would process information in different way, if they were required to make a certainly decision, the validation of the argument was significantly important;ff they were required to make a possible decision,the validation of the argument was not significantly important. The conclusions are that logicality influences the feature prediction both in certainty and possibility conditions but similarity influence the feature prediction only in possibility condition. Same cognitive system for inductive and deductive reasoning is discussed.