夏季奥运冠军时空分布特征研究

Research on Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Summer Olympic Champions

以第26~30届夏季奥运会各项目冠军归属为依据,利用文献资料法、数理统计法、对比分析法对各大洲、各国家或地区的冠军整体分布及其男、女子冠军时空分布差异特征进行研究。结果表明：男、女子项目设置的差距是形成各大洲冠军分布男多女少的直接原因,且差距呈明显的缩小趋势。无论男女,冠军分布欧洲、亚洲、北美洲、大洋洲、非洲、南美洲依次减少,而亚洲、北美洲、大洋洲女子贡献率优于男子。各大洲冠军整体分布有明显项群特征与项目差异,且男女项目贡献不一。男、女子各大类冠军分布处于动态变化,且差异明显,但非洲、南美洲除外。国家奥运冠军项群分布差异显著、优势各异,打破洲际格局。男、女子冠军在大类上整体分布均具有显著性差异,且第一、二集团分布及大类与亚类上存在异同。除技心能主导类外,其他大类国家各届男女冠军分布均具有显著性差异,分布不完全相同,且各国项目贡献率处于动态变化,男子分布相对较广。

Based on the distribution of champions during the 26~30th Summer Olumpic Games,using the research methods of literature review,mathematical statistics and comparative analusis,this paper studies the characteristics of overall and spatial—temporal distributions of male and female champions among dif-ferent continents,countries or regions.The results show that the gap between menˊs and womenˊs event setting is the direct cause of more male champions than females of all continents,with the trend of the gap obviouslu narrowing.Regardless of men and women,the champion distribution of Europe,Asia,North A-merica,Oceania,Africa,South America reduces in sequence,while the women’s contribution rate in Asia, North America and Oceania is better than that of men.The champion overall distribution of different con-tinents has obvious event—group characteristics and event difference,and men and women have different contribution to the events.Except Africa,South America,the champion distribution of different continents is in a dunamic change,which exhibits obvious differences.The event—group distribution of national O-lumpic champions has significant differences and various advantages and exhibits a different pattern from that of different continents.Overall distribution of men and women in large class has significant differ-ences,with the first and second group,as well as large class and sub class,showing similarities and differ-ences.Besides skill—psuchological dominated event—group,all other national Olumpic champions of male and female distribution are significantlu different,with the contribution rate of different countries in a du-namic change and menˊs distribution relativelu wider.