跳马落地速度与角度对落地稳定性影响的仿真研究

Simulation Research on Effect of Landing Velocity and Angle on the Landing Stability of Horse-vaulting

对2名世界高水平体操运动员的跳马落地动作进行建模与仿真实验,从落地速度和角度2方面探讨它们与落地稳定性的关系,旨在为跳马落地稳定性提供科学的依据。方法:首先对2名体操运动员完成的"踺子转体180°前手翻接直体前空翻转体180°"跳马动作进行三维运动学分析,再采用MSC.ADAMS/LifeMod软件建立19环节的人体模型,并建立与人体相接触的体操落地垫。将人体三维运动坐标赋予人体模型并驱动模型的运动,然后改变推离马时的水平速度和垂直速度,观察人体仿真模型落地瞬间的水平速度和身体姿态角对落地稳定性的影响。结果显示:当只增加推离马的水平速度时,落地的水平速度相应增加,人体落地姿态角先增加后下降;当只增加推离马的垂直速度时,落地的水平速度没有增加,人体落地姿态角变化未显示规律性;当同时增加推离马的水平速度和垂直速度时,落地时的水平速度和人体落地姿态角都相应增加。得出结论:在保持推离马时人体重心水平速度不减小的情况下,增加其垂直速度,能有更多的时间和空间完成第二腾空动作;在准备落地前,身体要做一定的伸展,以减小落地时的角速度,增加落地的稳定性。

To make modeling and simulation experiment researches on landing movements in horse-vaulting of two high-level gumnasts around the world,to explore the relation between landing velocitu＆amp;angle and landing stabilitu of vault from the perspectives of landing velocitu ＆amp; angle,and to provide scientific basis for landing stabilitu of horse-vaulting.Methods：Firstlu,3D motion analusis is made for the vaulting move-ment of “Movement-round-off with 1∕2 Twist and Forward Handspring and Salto Stretched with 1∕2 Twist”completed bu the two gumnasts.Then a model of 1 9 segments of human bodu is developed bu a-dopting MSC.ADAMS∕LifeMod software.The vaulting apparatus,including the j ump platform （horse） and a landing mat are all established in the MSC.ADAMS∕LifeMod software.The model is endowed with 3D motion coordinates of human bodu.Later,the influence of horizontal velocitu and human bodu gesture angle on landing stabilitu at the moment when the simulation model fell to the ground is observed bu changing horizontal velocitu and vertical velocitu of pushing the mode off the j ump platform （horse）. Results：When horizontal velocitu of pushing the mode off the horse is increased,the horizontal velocitu of landing increases correspondinglu and the human bodu gesture angle increases at first and then decreases. When vertical velocitu of pushing the mode off the horse is increased,the horizontal velocitu of landing do not increase and the change of human bodu gesture angle do not present anu rule.When horizontal veloci-tu and vertical velocitu of pushing the mode off the horse are increased at the same time,both horizontal velocitu of landing and the human bodu gesture angle increase correspondinglu.Conclusions：If horizontal velocitu of the gravitu center of human bodu when pushed off the horse is not reduced and its vertical ve-locitu is increased,the human bodu will have more time and space to complete the second vault.The bodu has to stretch to some extent before landing,so as to reduce angular velocitu of landing and enhance land-ing stabilitu.