有机-无机复合多孔膜制备与应用

Advances in Porous Organic-Inorganic Composite Membranes

日益严重的水污染问题引起了越来越多的科学家对水处理技术,特别是新型的分离膜材料及其分离技术的关注。有机-无机复合分离膜因同时具备有机聚合物与无机物的特点而逐渐成为研究的热点之一。本文综述了近年来有机-无机复合多孔膜研究领域的主要进展。在材料制备方面,着重介绍了基于本体掺杂过程(膜相镶嵌模型)与基于界面复合过程(界面复合模型)制备的有机-无机复合膜,其制备方法包括共混法、原位生成法、表面化学修饰、原子层沉积和仿生矿化法等。在实际应用方面,本文介绍了有机-无机复合膜在抗污染、抗菌、油水分离、催化、吸附、电池隔膜及酶固定化领域的应用。随着膜科学的进一步发展,具有多功能与高性能的分离膜将成为研究的主要方向,而具有更高表面无机覆盖率的"界面复合模型"将成为较优的复合膜构建策略。

Over the past decades,much attention has been paid to develope novel approaches towards water treatment,in particular the membrane filtration,to deal with the severe environmental crisis. One of the research foci is the organic-inorganic composite membranes for their advantages from both polymers and inorganics. In this review,we focus on the composite porous membranes and outline the advances in this field. In recent years,numerous of methods have been developed to fabricate such membranes,including blending,in situ generation,surface modification,atomic layer deposition,and biomineralization. The membranes can be categorized into two models according to the distribution of inorganics in the membrane： the embedding model and enveloping model. In addition,we summarize the practical applications of organic-inorganic composite membranes in antifouling and anti-bacterial uses, oil / water separation, catalysis, absorption, battery separator and enzyme immobilization. We suggest the ＂enveloping model ＂a better choice to construct the novel organic-inorganic composite membranes with high performance for its high surface mineral coverage.