超疏水膜的制备及其在膜蒸馏过程中的应用

Preparation of Superhydrophobic Membranes and Their Application in Membrane Distillation

超疏水材料具有超高的憎水性和自清洁特性,因而在解决材料的润湿和污染方面具有广泛的应用前景。膜蒸馏是一种以多孔疏水膜两侧蒸汽压差为推动力的膜分离过程,是脱盐和水回用中的重要技术。然而膜润湿和污染问题是导致膜蒸馏过程出水品质下降和应用过程稳定性差的关键。本文以膜蒸馏过程为背景,系统介绍了蒸馏过程的发展状况和超疏水膜材料的制备方法,以及超疏水膜在膜蒸馏中的应用,探讨了超疏水膜材料在膜蒸馏过程中的优势,同时指出了其不足和可能的解决方法,以期为膜蒸馏材料的发展提供研究方向和思路。

Superhydrophobic surfaces are characterized by their high water repellency and self-cleaning properties,which is potentially applicable in areas where anti-wetting and anti-fouling properties are highly desired. Membrane distillation（ MD） is driven by the vapor pressure gradient across a porous hydrophobic membrane,and is versatile in desalination and water reclamation processes. However,membrane wetting and fouling are two major issues in the application of MD. Based on the state-of-art development of M D,this minireviewprovides an overviewon the preparation of superhydrophobic membranes and their application in MD.The merits of application of superhydrophobic membranes are illustrated,in addition to the shortcomings of superhydrophobic surfaces. This reviewis critical in pointing out newresearch directions and schemes for the development of the MD membrane.