比较与启示:中国法官遴选制度的改革与优化

Comparison and Enlightenment: The Reform and Optimization of Judge Selection System in China

党的十八届四中全会提出了推进法治专门队伍的正规化、专业化和职业化的建设目标。各试点法院纷纷依据改革的顶层设计制定法官遴选方案。然而,一些法院在改革过程中却忽略了法官遴选的一般规律,同时也面临着法院内部强大的压力甚至阻力。两大法系的经验表明,司法传统和诉讼价值对法官资格提出了不同的要求,中立权威的专门机构在遴选过程中发挥了重要作用,法官培训已经成为主要的考核指标。随着我国法治建设的深入,法官遴选制度改革势必要根据其一般规律、法官职能以及法官员额制等相关的司法改革措施,在面临的困境中进行相应的调整和优化。

The 4th Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed the goal of the professionalization and specialization of the judge. According to the top-level design of reform, some selected courts are designing the judge selection scheme. However, some courts cannot master the rule of judge selection and balance the interests of all parties, facing great pressure and internal resistance. Experiences of two legal systems indicate that：the judicial tradition and value put forward different requirements to the judge qualification, the neutral authority of the selection institution is of great significance, the judge training becomes the primary evaluation standard. With the deepening of the judicial reform, the judge selection system must be adjusted according to the general rule of judge selection and the dilemma faced in the process of judicial reform.