锂离子电池有机正极材料

Organic Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Battery

随着储能电源和电动汽车的迅猛发展,开发高能量密度的锂离子电池成为研究的重点之一。锂离子电池性能的提高很大程度上取决于正极材料的特性。目前,广泛使用的无机正极材料普遍存在容量提升有限、生产过程消耗能源大、存在安全隐患和成本高等缺陷。因此,需要开发比容量更高、安全性更好和在自然界中储量更为丰富的绿色能源材料。与无机正极材料相比,有机物正极材料具有理论比容量高、原料丰富、环境友好、结构可设计性强和体系安全的优点,是一类具有广泛应用前景的储能物质。本文综述了目前国内外已经开展的研究工作,介绍了作为锂离子正极材料的几类主要的有机化合物,包括导电高分子聚合物、含硫化合物、氮氧自由基化合物和含氧共轭化合物等;对比分析了这些化合物的电化学性能、电化学反应机理及其具备的优势和存在的不足;指出了有机化合物作为锂离子正极材料需要解决的问题及今后研究和改进方向。

With the rapid development of energy storage power supply and electric cars, development of high energy density for lithium ion battery becomes focus of the future study. The performance of lithium ion battery greatly depends on the cathode materials. At present, there are some defects in widely used inorganic cathode materials such as limited capacity upgrade space, large energy consumption for production process, existence of security risks, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop green energy materials with higher specific capacity, better safety performance and abundant reserves in nature. Compared with inorganic cathode materials, organic cathode material is a kind of energy storage material with broad application prospects due to the advantages of high theoretical capacity, abundant resources, environmental friendness, structure design easily and system security. This paper summarizes the researches which have been carried out at home and abroad recent years. Several main kinds of organic cathode materials including conductive polymer, sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxygen free radical compounds and containing oxygen conjugated compounds are introduced. The electrochemical properties, electrochemical reaction mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of these compounds are compared and analyzed. Through the analysis and prospects for the future, the problems need to be solved for cathode materials of lithium ion battery are pointed out, and the future direction for research and improvement of organic cathode materials is proposed.