从“人民”、“经济人”到“公民”——建国以来我国公民观念及公民教育课程理念的嬗变

From "People", "Economic Man" to "Citizen"——Transition of Citizenship Concept and Civic Education Ideal in China's Mainland Since 1949

公民观念直接影响着公民教育目标的界定和公民教育课程的发展方向。建国以来,我国的公民观念经历了三个明显的发展阶段,形成了三种不同的公民教育课程理念:改革开放之前,在"人民"这种特殊的公民观念的主导下,公民教育课程具有明显的政治取向。改革开放之后,在"经济人"主导下,公民教育课程被日益道德化。2000年之后,真正的公民观念在我国再次兴起。在这种新的公民观念的影响下,一种以未来为基本取向的公民教育理念蓬勃地发展起来。由此可见,公民观念直接影响着公民教育理念的发展变化。

The conception of citizenship has implications for defining the goals of citizenship education and formulating citizenship education programs. In the past haft century, Chinese concept of citizenship had undergone three periods and formed three different ideals of citizenship education： Before the reform and opening up, citizenship education has clear political orientation under the concept of ＂people＂. After reform and opening, citizenship education was moralized under the concept of ＂economic man＂. Since the 2000, a new and future-oriented citizenship education is growing in China's Mainland. Therefore, the paper argues that Chinese concept of citizenship is changing, and it has directly influences on the ideal of citizenship education curriculum. And it can be say that the development tendency of Chinese concept of citizenship and citizenship education also reflect a rough trend of Chinese society.