黑龙江省三江地区几个早熟玉米自交系主要农艺性状的配合力和遗传参数分析

Analysis on Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters of Early Maturing Maize Inbred Lines of Sanjiang Plain

为合理利用及组配早熟玉米自交系的早熟、高产、优质类型杂交组合,以黑龙江省三江平原地区10个早熟玉米自交系为材料,按Griffing4模式进行双列杂交,对45个组合的生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、单株产量等12个主要农艺性状进行配合力和遗传参数分析。结果表明:除生育期、秃尖、百粒重、出籽率的SCA方差外,其余各性状的SCA方差和全部GCA方差均达显著或极显著水平,且各性状GCA方差大于SCA方差。在供试的10个自交系材料中,合344、合系640、KWS73、9F592综合性状较优,可作为骨干自交系直接应用。其它自交系也有各自突出某一性状的优势,在育种工作中应注意有目的地选择利用。K10产量SCA方差最大,它有可能选育出超高产杂交组合。12个性状的遗传效应以加性效应为主,生育期、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重的狭义遗传率大于50%,其变异由遗传引起的比重较大,宜在早代进行选择;而株高、秃尖、穗粒重、出籽率和单株产量的狭义遗传力低,不宜早代选择。

In order to rationally use early maturity inbred lines and equip hybrid combinations of early maturity , high yield and high quality .Ten major early maturity inbred lines from Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang province were used as experimental materials .According to Griffing4 mode ,diallel cross was conducted ,combining abili‐ty and genetic parameters on 12 main agronomic traits of 45 combinations ,the grow th period ,plant height ,ear height ,ear length ,ear diameter and yield per plant were analyzed .The results indicated that GCA variance of all characters reached significant or extremely significant level ,the SCA variance of other various characters did except that of growth period ,barren ear tip lengt ,100 grain weight and seed‐producing percentage .The vari‐ance of GCA was higher than that of SCA .There were four inbred lines had a better comprehensive characters among 10 inbred lines ,which were He 344 ,Hexi 640 ,KWS73 and 9F592 .Other inbred lines also possessed their own highlight characters ,which should be purposefully selected to use in breeding work .The inbred line K10 had the largest variance of yield SCA ,which was possibly selected to breed super‐high‐yield hybrid combi‐nations .The genetic effect of 12 characters was given priority to additive effect .The narrow sense heritability of grow th period ,ear height ,ear length ,spike thick ear diameter ,row number per ear ,grain number per row and 100‐grain weight were more than 50% ,whose variation mainly caused by heredity .These characters were fit to be selected in early generations .However ,the narrow sense heritability of plant height ,barren ear tip lengt ,grain weight per ear ,the seed‐producing percentage and yield per plant were low ,which should not be se‐lected in early generations .