棉秆原茎高温脱胶工艺初步研究

Preliminary study on the high temperature degumming of cotton stalk

为拓宽纺织原料来源,充分利用棉花副产品棉秆,对棉秆的高温脱胶方法进行了初步研究.测定了棉秆的成分,探讨了添加助剂的脱胶效果.采用正交试验研究了碱质量分数、硫化度、温度、保温时间对脱胶后纤维素质量分数、木质素质量分数以及失重率的影响.结果发现,得到较高纤维素质量分数的脱胶最优工艺为:氢氧化钠质量分数20%,硫化度22%,处理温度170℃,保温时间100 min.处理后棉秆的纤维素质量分数高达65.70%,木质素质量分数可低至1.66%.对处理前后纤维的纵向结构进行扫描电镜分析,脱胶后纤维的分离度提高.此方法省去了棉秆的皮芯分离工艺,提高了生产效率,降低了加工成本.

To broaden the sources of textile materials and make full use of cotton by-product cotton stalk, preliminary study on degumming methods of cotton stalk in high temperature was carried out. The component content of cotton stalk was determined, and the degumming effect of adding assistant or not were compared. The effects of amount of alkali, sulfidity, temperature and holding time on the cellulose and lignin content and weight loss rate were studied by orthogonal analysis. It was found that the optimum degumming process to achieve higher cellulose content was as follows： sodium hydroxide 20%, sulfidity 22%, treating temperature 170 ℃, holding time 100 min. The cellulose content after degumming was as high as 65.70%, lignin content was as low as 1.66%. The SEM results of fibers longitudinal structure showed that the fiber separation were improved by degumming. This method could save the separation process of the cotton skin and core, improve the production efficiency and reduce the processing cost.