河南农村3～6岁儿童受忽视现况及其影响因素

Current status and influencing factors for child neglect in 3-6 years old rural children in Henan

目的：了解河南农村3～6岁儿童忽视现况及影响因素。方法采用“中国农村3～6岁儿童忽视常模”制定的量表和评价方法，用忽视率和忽视度调查并描述河南农村3～6岁儿童受忽视状况，并分析相关因素。结果450名调查对象的总忽视率为37.1%（167/450），总忽视度为51.9±6.5。男童总忽视率高于女童（P》0.05），但总忽视度的性别差异无统计学意义（P＜0.05）；不同年龄组的总忽视率和总忽视度差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05），随年龄增长有递增趋势；三代同堂、核心家庭与单亲或再婚家庭总忽视率和总忽视度差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05），均以单亲或再婚家庭的总忽视率和总忽视度为最高；非独生子女的总忽视率和总忽视度均高于独生子女（P＜0.05）；留守儿童总忽视率和总忽视度、六个层面的忽视率和忽视度均高于非留守儿童，差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示，家庭类型为单亲家庭或再婚家庭（OR=4.78，95% CI：2.10～10.87）、非独生子女（OR=4.53，95% CI：1.99～10.01）是儿童受到忽视的独立危险因素（P均＜0.01）；而父母亲文化程度为大专及以上（OR=0.09，95% CI：0.01～0.40）、父母亲职业为科技工作者（OR=0.20，95% CI：0.10～0.67）以及非留守儿童（OR=0.03，95% CI：0.00～0.54）是儿童受到忽视的保护因素（P均＜0.01）。结论河南农村3~6岁儿童受忽视程度比较严重，尤其是留守儿童。

ObjectivesTo study the current status of child neglect and its inlfuencing factors in children aged 3-6 years in rural Henan.MethodsScales and evaluation methods in the “Chinese rural child aged 3-6 years neglected eval-uation model” were applied in this study. The neglect rate and the neglect degree were used to describe the neglect status of rural children aged 3-6 years in Henan. The inlfuencing factors for child neglect were also analyzed. ResultsThe total neglect rate in 450 enrolled children was 37.1% （167/450）. The total neglect degree was 51.9±6.5. The boys had signiifcant-ly higher neglect rate than girls （P〉0.05）. There was no significant difference in neglect degree between boys and girls （P〈0.05）. There were significant differences in neglect rate and neglect degree among the different age groups （P〈0.05）, the higher neglect rate and higher neglect degree over age. The neglect rate and neglect degree in nuclear families and fam-ilies with three generations were lower than those in single-parent families and remarried families （P〈0.05）. The neglect rate and neglect degree in non-only children were higher than those in only children （P〈0.05）. The left-behind children had signiifcantly higher neglect rate and neglect degree than children living with parents （P〈0.05）. Based on multivariate logis-tic regression analysis, the risk factors of child neglect were single-parent families （OR = 4.78, 95%CI ： 2.10-10.87） and remarried families （OR=4.53, 95%CI ： 1.99-10.01）. The protective factors of child neglect were parents working on sci-ence （OR = 0.20, 95%CI ： 0.10-0.67） and living with parents （OR = 0.03, 95%CI ： 0.00-0.54）.ConclusionsThe neglect status is serious in Henan rural children, particularly in left-behind children.