王阳明“格物”“致知”说分疏——以《传习录》为中心

Separate Annotation on Wang Yangming's Theories of Ge Wu and Zhizhi——Centering on the book of《Chuan Xi Lu》

王阳明从自身的生命体验出发,其对"格物致知"说的阐释颇具革命性,不仅突破了程朱理学的解释框架,而且因此发扬和深化了心学一途的学思脉络。与朱子相比,王阳明对"格物致知"的训释的反动体现在:将朱子训物为客观物质实体与人类道德行为二义窄化为道德事为,物成了心之物,并且相应地穷理被局限于体认天理或良知,即格心。与此同时,所谓致知,仅仅变成了克除私欲,发明本心或使天理流行充塞,最终导致了贯通心与物、心与理,心外无物,心外无理。王阳明与朱子学说分道扬镳,但也因此以简易直接的方式宣告了自己心学理论的特色,并成为心学的集大成者。

On the basis of his own life experience, Wang Yangming embraced a revolutionary explanation on ＂GeWuZhiZhi＂, which was not only a breakthrough in the philosophical framework of Zhuxi and Chengyi, but also widened and deepened the philosophi- cal thread of XinXue. In comparison to Zhuxi, Wang Yangming had four features in the interpretation of ＂GeWuZhiZhi＂ ： （ 1 ） narrow the interpretation of Wu from objective and physical things and human ethical acts into human ethical acts ; （2） investigating the princi- ples （Qiongli） is confined to experience the utmost principle Tianli or Liangzhi ; （ 3 ） Zhizhi therefore is a kind of act of getting rid of selfish desires and revealing the utmost principle ; （4） channel Xin （heart-mind） and Wu （ things）, Xin and Li. Eventually, Wang Yangming and Zhuzi went their separate ways, but the former thereafter announced his own theoretical characteristics and became the most successful achiever of Xinxue.