基层社会治理中的底线逻辑——基于农村计划生育实践的分析

Bottom Line Logic in Grassroots Social Governance——Based on the Practice of Family Planning in Rural Areas

在农村计划生育中,基层政府承担着出生控制和社会秩序双重矛盾的职责底线,而农民的生育底线牢不可破。基层政府的底线逻辑根源在于压力型体制所建立的单向责任模式。农民的生育底线植根于农村社会的经济文化环境。这些相互冲突的底线之间存在强大的张力。农民通过抗拒结扎来坚守生育底线,并通过性别选择的妥协策略软化来自国家的规制压力;基层政府及其村庄代表在计划生育工作中也遵循农民的生育底线,化解了出生控制与社会秩序之间的张力。在三个底线之间的张力中,经过基层政府、村干部和农民互动形成了社会治理的底线逻辑。各个主体遵循底线逻辑,使农村计划生育取得了一定的治理效果:国家的生育政策目标获得实现,社会秩序未受计划生育挑战,农民生育底线得到较好保持。通过农村计划生育案例,可以发现社会治理各主体必须坚守底线逻辑,才能形成和谐的关系秩序。

In rural family planning, grassroots birth control and social order, while farmers＇ governments bear the bottom line of dual responsibilities of growth bottom line is unbreakable. Grassroots government＇ s bottom line logic is rooted in the unilateral liability model built by pressurized system. Farmers＇ growth bottom line is rooted in rural social economic and cultural environment. There is a strong tension between the three bottom lines. Farmers evade ligation to stick to their bottom line and through the compromise strategy of gender selection to soften the regulatory pressure from the state. Grassroots governments and village representatives also follow the bottom line of farmers in the family planning work to relieve the tension between birth control and social order. Through the interaction between grassroots governments, village cadres and farmers, the bottom line logic of social governance is formed. Since all subjects follow the bottom line logic, rural family planning has achieved good results： the fertility national policy goals are achieved, the social order were not challenged by family planning, farmers＇ bottom line growth is maintained. Through the case of rural family planning, we can find out that all the subjects of social governance must stick to the bottom line logic, or the harmonious order can not be formed.