405份CIMMYT引进小麦种质的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of 405 Wheat Lines from CIMMYT

为了明确国际玉米改良中心（CIMMYT）引进普通小麦种质材料的遗传多样性特点,为其利用提供参考依据,本研究从均匀分布于小麦基因组的420对SSR引物中选择出条带清晰、多态性较好的62对引物对引自CIMMYT的405份普通小麦种质系进行遗传多样性检测。结果表明,62对SSR引物在405份CIMMYT材料中共检测到198个等位变异,每对引物检测到等位变异的数目为2~8个,平均每对SSR引物能够检测到3.19个等位变异。单个SSR引物的PIC值介于0.03~0.79之间,平均值0.48。405份CIMMYT材料A、B、D基因组之间多态性位点数和等位变异数相差不大,PIC平均值B基因组（0.53）〉A基因组（0.52）〉D基因组（0.39）。聚类分析结果显示,62对SSR引物能够将405份CIMMYT材料区分开来,在0.1285遗传距离处将供试材料分为24个类群,类型较为丰富,不同类群的材料在农艺性状和品质性状上存在差异。

In order to take full advantage of common wheat from CIMMYT, the genetic diversity of 405 wheat lines was analyzed by 62 SSR polymorphic markers with clear SSR products, selected from 420 SSR markers evenly distributed in wheat genome. A total of 198 alleles were identified and 2-8 alleles were identified by each marker, with an average of 3.19. The PIC value of each marker ranged the 405 CIMMYT lines, both the polymorphic site number and from 0.03 to 0.79, with an average of O. 48. Among average allele number of A, B and D genome were close. The mean PIC value of B genome was the highest while the D genome was the lowest. These lines were clustered into 24 groups when genetic distance was 0. 1285. Significant differences of the major agronomic and quality traits were observed among groups.