风险社会的责任问题探析

On the Responsibility Problems in the Risk Society

现代社会是风险社会,"人为制造的风险"已占据主导地位,取代了传统社会的"外部风险"。西方风险社会理论中,"有组织的不负责任"现象进一步累积、放大了更多的风险危机。对于规避和化解"有组织的不负责任"现象所引发的现代社会风险,最根本最切合的伦理原则应该是责任担当原则。通过对政府、非政府组织、企业、公民个体、专家系统及大众传媒等多元主体风险责任担当困境的剖析,提出应构建多元责任主体风险共担的复合治理路径,以期形成一个"有组织的负责任"的现代风险社会。

The modern society is a risk society in which the“man-made risk” has occupied a leading position and replaced the “external risk” of the traditional society.According to the Western theories of risk society, the“organized irresponsibility” adds more risks to the society.The most fundamental and suitable ethical principle used to avoid and resolve the modern social risks caused by the“organized irresponsibility” phenomenon is to un-dertake responsibility.Based on the analysis of the difficulties in responsibilities undertaken by the multiple sub-jects including governments, NGOs, enterprises, individuals, expert systems, and massive medium, this study suggests that building the mode of risk-sharing is the way to form a“organized responsibility” of the modern risk so-ciety.