从《乾隆皇帝大阅图》看西方绘画技法对中国画的影响

The Influence of Western Painting Techniques upon the Chinese Painting with“Emperor Qian Long Reviewing Troops”as Study Case

中西艺术交流始于明清,这一时期最大的特色是"西学东渐"。明末清初,传教士的进入促进了西方古典主义写实绘画技法与中国传统绘画技法的融合与发展,一改传统中国画的笔墨及线描风格。这个时期绘画的主要特点集中在记实性,其中发展较为瞩目的题材包括装饰性壁画、人物风俗、人物肖像、战功图及祭祀等。本文以《乾隆皇帝大阅图》为研究对象,从造型、明暗、构图及透视等方面详细阐述西方绘画技法对中国画的影响,认为西方绘画技法促进了中国画对光影元素的运用、明暗和透视法的兴起以及色彩的广泛使用。

The Chinese and Western art exchange began in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the biggestfeature of this period was＂the culture exchange from West to China＂. During the late Ming and early Qing Dy-nasties, the arrival of many missionaries promoted the integration and development of Western classical realismpainting and traditional Chinese painting techniques, which led to a complete change in the traditional Chinesepainting ink and line drawing style. The main characteristic of painting in this period was its documentary, andthe eye-catching theme included decoration of fresco, customs figures, portraits, exploits and sacrifice. Thesepaintings combine the characteristics of Chinese and Western painting, but the style of painting is more empha-sized on the characteristics of the West. This paper takes the painting of＂Emperor Qian Long ReviewingTroops＂as the research object and elaborates the influence of Western painting techniques on Chinese paintingfrom the perspectives of modeling, shading, composition and perspective. Therefore, it gets the conclusion thatthe western painting techniques are helpful to promote the use of lighting elements of the Chinese painting, therise of shading and the perspective, and the widespread use of color.