长链非编码RNA对动脉粥样硬化等疾病影响的研究新进展

Research Progresses of The Effects of Long Non-coding RNA on Atherosclerosis and Other Diseases

动脉粥样硬化是一种以胆固醇等脂质代谢紊乱为主要特征的病理过程,严重影响人类健康.随着遗传学和生物信息学研究的发展,曾被认为无作用的非编码基因序列逐步受到研究者的关注.长链非编码RNA(lnc RNA)通过表观遗传调控、转录调控和转录后调控等途径参与剂量补偿效应、基因组印记、细胞发育分化等重要生物学过程,从而影响人类的生长发育、代谢、衰老及疾病等进程.最新研究发现,lnc RNA可参与血管内皮细胞的损伤与修复、血管平滑肌细胞的增殖与迁移、巨噬细胞胆固醇的流出与炎症反应、脂质的沉积与斑块的形成等过程,从而影响动脉粥样硬化及其他心血管疾病的发生与发展.

Atherosclerosis is a kind of pathological process characterised by lipid metabolic disorder, which is one of the greatest threats to public health. With the development of genetics and bioinformatics research, non-coding sequences, once considered useless, gradually are getting the attention of the researchers. Long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs） are involved in biological processes, such as dosage compensation, genetic imprinting and cell cycle control. LncRNAs have effects on growth, metabolism and aging through epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation and posttranscriptional. Accumulating studies indicate that lncRNAs are involved in the progresses of injury and repair of endothelial cell, migration and invasion of smooth muscle cell, lipid loading and inflammatory response in macrophages, lipid deposition and the formation of plaques, which affect the progression of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.