第三方支付的信托法研究——兼论央行《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》对支付机构的法律定性

A Research of Third-Party Payment Institutions by Trust Law——Discussion on the Legal Characterization of payment institutions by“Administrative Measures for the Payment Services Provided by Non-financial Institutions”issued by People's Bank of China

第三方支付机构依照买方的意愿,利用买方转移至自己名下的备付金代为实现货款支付的目的。其行为放射出的是"受人之托、忠人之事、代人理财"的信托法理。而央行为规范网络支付市场所制定的《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》在以《银行法》为上位法的前提下,将第三方支付机构不当地定性为非金融类的中介机构,不但导致备付金收益的权利归属不清,而且赋予第三方支付机构对备付金的管理运用的规定又远离中介机构的业务范围,其根本原因皆因上位法确定不准和对第三方支付机构的法律定性不准所致。

Third Party Payment Institutes make use of the cash reserve transferred by the buyers to make payment acting based on the intention of buyers,which reflects the Trust Principle of ＂Trust Management,by you and for you＂. In order to standardize the internet payment market,however,＂Non-financial payment services management measures＂stipulated by PBC improperly defines Third Party Payment Institute as Non-financial agent,which leads to the ownership ambiguity of cash reserve income and business deviation of cash reserve management regulation. The original cause is the inaccurate interpreting of senior legislation and inaccurate legal identification of Third Party Payment Institute.