湘西烟区翻压不同绿肥品种的生态和烤烟效应

Effects of ploughing back different green manures on ecology in Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas and flue-cured tobacco

为探讨不同绿肥作物改良土壤和提高肥力的作用,研究了5个绿肥品种翻压的生态效应及烤烟生长、经济性状、烟叶品质效应。结果表明:(1)绿肥当季干草产量为2.28 t/hm2~4.07t/hm2,全部翻压入土能提供944.51 kg/hm2~1613.76 kg/hm2有机碳、93.59 kg/hm2~201.31 kg/hm2氮、11.86 kg/hm2~22.41 kg/hm2磷、80.99 kg/hm2~118.19 kg/hm2钾;连续3年绿肥翻压后植烟土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量可分别提高1.82 g/kg^3.62g/kg、0.04 g/kg^0.10g/kg、0.04 g/kg^0.12g/kg、0.34 g/kg^1.14g/kg、28.00 mg/kg^47.00mg/kg、4.40 mg/kg^43.10mg/kg、31.00 mg/kg^353.00mg/kg,具有良好的生态效应和明显的土壤改良培肥效果。(2)翻压豆科绿肥能改善烤烟农艺性状,提高烤烟根系覆盖范围和增加主、侧根重量。(3)绿肥翻压可提高烤烟产量227.10 kg/hm2~727.80 kg/hm2,增加烤烟产值3912.00元/hm2~14470.65元/hm2。(4)绿肥翻压主要影响上部烟叶化学成分和评吸质量,适宜的翻压量可提高烟叶化学成分协调性和烟叶评吸质量。湘西烟区应推广箭舌豌豆作为冬种绿肥较好。

Field experiment on green manures was conducted to study the ecological effect and hence its effect on tobacco growth,economic character,and tobacco quality.Results showed that（1） Ploughing back green manures had good ecological effect and effect of soil improvement and fertility.It could offer soil nutrients like organic C,N,P,K by 944.51 ～ 1613.76 kg/hm^2,93.59 ～ 201.31 kg/hm^2,11.86 ～ 22.41 kg/hm^2,80.99 ～ 118.19 kg/hm^2 respectively and increase soil organic matter contents,i.e.total N,total P,total K,available N,available P,and available K by 1.82 ～ 3.62g/kg,0.04 ～ 0.10g/kg,0.04 ～ 0.12g/kg,0.34 ～ 1.14g/kg,28.00 ～ 47.00mg/kg,4.40 ～ 43.10mg/kg,and 31.00 ～ 353.00mg/kg respectively after 3-year fix-point application.（2） Ploughing back green manures could improve tobacco agronomic character,increase root coverage area and weight of taproot and laterals.（3） Consecutive ploughing back green manures could increase output by 227.10 ～ 727.80 kg/hm^2 and 227.10 ～ 727.80 kg/hm^2 respectively.（4） Ploughing back green manures mainly affected chemical components and smoking quality of upper tobacco leaves,and proper overturning amount of green manures could improve harmony of chemical component and hence smoking quality.Green manures of Common vetch V proved to be suitable for Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas.