唐古特大黄“3414”施肥效果及推荐施肥量研究

Use of the ‘3414’ fertilization design to determine optimal fertilization rates for Rheumtanguticum

采用"3414"施肥方案,研究不同氮、磷、钾配比对唐古特大黄产量及经济效益的影响,旨在为唐古特大黄合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,各施肥处理对唐古特大黄的产量和经济效益的影响表现依次为施肥>不施肥,NPK>P>N>K;两两互作对唐古特大黄产量、经济效益的影响表现为NP>PK>NK、PK>NP>NK。除高氮处理(N3P2K2)外,其余施肥处理条件下唐古特大黄总蒽醌含量均优于《中国药典》标准,总灰分及水分均达标。唐古特大黄施肥量与产量间的三元二次方程、二元二次方程和一元二次方程拟合结果均典型,能够较好的反应施肥量同产量、经济效益之间的关系。综合考虑,本试验条件下获得唐古特大黄最高产量施肥方案为氮74.06kg/hm2,磷55.07kg/hm2,钾36.56kg/hm2,产量可达12384.3kg/hm2。最佳经济施肥方案为氮73.33kg/hm2、磷54.58kg/hm2、钾36.37kg/hm2,产量为12012.6kg/hm2,经济效益为196126.0元/hm2。

To determine the optimal fertilization program for Rheum tanguticum ,we evaluated the effects of different amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers on the yield and economic benefits of the plant,based on the ‘3414’fertilization design.Based on plant yields and economic benefits,the success of the fertilization treatments was ranked as follows:fertilized>non-fertilized,and NPK>P>N>K.The effects of pairwise interactions on yield and economic benefits,from strongest to weakest,were ranked as follows:NP>PK>NK and PK>NP>NK,respectively.In all treatments except for the excess N treatment,total anthra-quinone,total ash,and water content in the R.tanguticum roots met the standard of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China.The data for plant yield and economic benefits under the different fertilizer treat-ments fitted well with ternary quadratic,binary quadratic,and simple quadratic equations.Therefore,these e-quations represented the relationships between fertilizer quantity and yield/economic benefits.Taken together, the results of this study show that the fertilization program producing the highest yield (12384.3 kg/ha)under the local experimental conditions was N 74.06 kg/ha,P 55.07 kg/ha,and K 36.56 kg/ha.The fertilization program resulting in the best economic benefits was N 73.33 kg/ha,P 54.58 kg/ha,and K 36.37 kg/ha,re-sulting in 12012.6 kg/ha of yield and 196126.0 yuan/ha of economic benefit.