“北水南调工程”的警示与应对策略

Warning and strategy of North-to-South Water Transfer Project

在分析我国南方和北方地区之间粮食调运与虚拟水流动量变化的基础上,指出粮食虚拟水"北水南调工程"引起了一系列潜在的危机:加剧了北方地区的水资源压力,威胁国家粮食安全并拉大了南方和北方地区的经济差距。结合我国粮食生产用水技术水平与节水农业发展现状,提出应对上述潜在危机的建议:1强化政府宏观调控职能,挖掘农业节水潜力。尽快启动研究实施国家粮食生产用水补偿奖惩制度,挖掘农业节水潜力,缓解北方地区粮食生产水资源压力。2引入市场机制,大力发展现代节水农业。尽快研究出台相关政策,鼓励并支持节水企业投资建设和经营管理节水农业工程,充分调动多方资源,促进节水农业发展,保障国家粮食安全。

Based on analysis of the variation of grain transportation and virtual water flow between southern and northern China, a number of potential crises that could be created by the North-to-South Water Transfer Project with regard to virtual water of grain are described:exacerbation of water stress in the northern regions, threats to national food security, and a widening economic gap between the southern and northern regions. Based on the technical level of water use during grain production and current status of water-saving agriculture, we put forward two suggestions: ( 1 ) strengthening the macro-control function of the government, implementing the policy of compensation for water use during grain production, tapping the potential of water-saving agriculture, and alleviating the pressure of water resources for grain production in northern regions;and ( 2 ) developing modern water-saving agriculture by introducing market mechanisms, establishing relevant policies as soon as possible in order to encourage and support the investment and construction of water-saving enterprises as well as the operation and management of water-saving agricultural projects, and mobilizing various resources in order to promote the development of water-saving agriculture and guarantee national food security.