逻辑和经验视域下的“存在”概念分析

Analysis on the Concept“Existence”from the Perspective of Logic and Experience

从弗雷格到斯特劳森等人的思想看出,对存在问题的研究贯穿了分析哲学的发展。一方面,弗雷格和罗素等人从现代逻辑出发,认为存在是量词。另一方面,随着哲学的语言转向,皮尔斯和斯特劳森等人通过语言分析,认为存在是谓词。新发展起来的自由逻辑对于存在问题也给出了肯定的答案。量词说和谓词说争论不休,实质上是存在问题在逻辑和经验两个方面的不同体现。

In line with the thoughts from Frege's to Strawson's, the study of existential issue experiences throughout the development of analytical philosophy. On the one hand, Frege and Russell, et al, based on the modern logic, thought 'existence'is a quantifier. On the other hand, with the analytical philosophy of linguistic turn, through the sophisticated natural language analysis, Pierce and Strawson, et al, thought'existence'is a predicate. Newly developed free logic also gives an affirmative answer for existence issue.While predicate theory and quantifier theory debated, in essence, it is the different expression of existence issue in both logic and experience.