“白金十分钟”自救互救培训模式在社区普及效果的调查

An investigation of the result of popularization of self-and-mutual rescue regime of “platinum ten minutes” in the community

目的:探讨"白金十分钟"急救理念在社区普及的效果。方法:2014年3–7月,用整群抽样方法抽取北京市5个社区共240名居民进行"白金十分钟"自救互救理念和技术培训;培训前后进行自制问卷调查,问卷当场发放,当场收回,比较培训前后自救互救意识和知识的掌握情况。结果:240名调查对象中,78人(32.5%)既往进行过自救互救学习或培训;127人(52.9%)平时会主动学习自救互救互救知识;128人(53.3%)听说过"急救白金十分钟";209人(87.1%)处置过家人意外伤病;对于生命意外,156人(65.0%)会呼叫急救系统帮助,仅32人(13.3%)认为自己能够救护。培训后,遇到意外伤病选择呼叫"120"或"999"的比例明显增加("120":81.7%比92.1%;"999":31.7%比64.2%;P<0.05)。遇到紧急情况,选择不会主动去救护的比例减少(P<0.05)。培训后对烧烫伤、止血包扎、踩踏、搬运、判断意识、判断心跳呼吸停止、胸外心脏按压部位、扭伤等自救互救知识的知晓率提高(P<0.05)。培训后常见意外伤害事故自救互救基本技能评分[(8.52±1.21)分]明显升高[(5.95±1.91)分,P<0.05]。结论:培训后居民自救互救意识和知识水平明显提高,社区培训效果显著。

Objective： To investigate the result of popularization of rescue idea of ＂platinum 10 minutes＂ in the community. Methods： From March to July 2014, five communities were chosen in Beijing with the method of cluster sampling, where by a total of 240 residents were accepted for popularization of self-and-mutual aid concept and technical training according to the principle and technique conforming to the idea of ＂platinum 10 minutes＂. They were asked to fill a questionnaire before and after training, and the questionnaires collected on the spot. The differences in self-and-mutual awareness and knowledge of the subjects were compared before and after the training. Results： Among 240 subjects in the study, 78 （32.5%） had received the training previously, 127 （52.9%） had learned the knowledge by themselves, 128 （53.3%） had heard of the concept of ＂platinum 10 minutes＂, 209 （87.1%） had dealt with accidents at home, and 156 subjects （65.0%） were aware to call for emergency system for life saving, but only 32 persons thought they could do the job of emergency care. After the popularization of the knowledge and technical training, the proportion of subjects aware to call for ＂120＂ or ＂999＂ was significantly increased when accidental injury occurred （＂120＂： 81.7% vs. 92.1% ; ＂999＂： 31.7% vs. 64.2%; P 〈 0.05）, while the proportion of subjects choosing not to perform first aid was lowered （P 〈 0.05）. After the training, the awareness rate of the know-how to deal with burn and scald, bandaging and hemostasis, stampeding accident, transfer of the patients, judgment of consciousness, judgment of stop of breathing and heartbeat, correct site for resuscitation of respiration, sprain etc. was significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）. The score for common self-and-mutual aid concept and technical skills was significantly increased （8.52 ＋ 1.21 vs. 5.95 ＋ 1.91, t=22.653, P 〈 0.05） after training. Conclusions： After training, the awareness and knowledge of self-and-mutual aid are significantly improved in the population, and the training result is obvious.