某浅埋矿床条带法开采地表沉降与开采强度关系的试验研究

Experimental study of relationship between ground settlement and mining intensity in mining shallow deposits by strip mining

针对上横山浅埋缓倾斜矿床条带嗣后充填回采条件,以物理相似模拟试验为基础,分析了矿床回采地表沉降（陷）变形特征。地表沉降在不同回采时步呈非线性变化,当最大不充填开采1-2个条带时,空区上覆直接顶能有效的控制地表沉陷范围,沉降变形以采空区为中心对称,未形成明显的沉陷区;当最大不充填开采3个条带时,沉降变形从直接顶延伸至松散层,地表沉陷显现,沉降范围约40-50m,但小于地下开采范围;当最大不充填开采为4个条带时,导致了松散层持续垮塌、空区上覆岩层破坏,沉陷范围达100-120m,完全大于地下开采范围。从控制地表沉陷安全范围和提高开采强度考虑,选择最大不充填开采3个条带,盘区生产能力达到1141.96t/d,且能够保证地表沉陷范围小于地下开采范围,实现矿床安全高效开采。

The characteristics of ground settlement deformation in deposits mining were analyzed based on the physical analog simulation tests under the strip subsequent filling and mining conditions for Shanghengshan gently inclined and shallow deposits and the relationships between the ground settlement and the mining intensity in strip mining were investigated by the similar simulation experiments. The ground settlement shows nonlinear variation in different steps. The overlying direct roof in the empty area can effectively control the surface subsidence area with mostly no fill mining of 1-2 strips and the ground settlement deformation in goal is centered symmetrically and no subsidence is formed . The overlying strata caving in the large area is from direct roof to loose layer with mostly no fill mining of 3 strips before the surface subsidence appeared and the settlement range is 40-50 m, but less than underground mining area. The loose layer caving and goaf overburden failure expand continuously with mining 4 strips, settlement range is 100-120 m, completely greater than underground mining range. Considering reasonable ground settlement deformation and the stability of stope, the most suitable mining intensity is 3 strips, which are mined at the same time, and the mining intensity is 1141.96 t/d.