国外开放存取发展中的政府介入行为分析与借鉴

Analysis and Reference of Government Intervention in Open Access Overseas

开放存取中的政府介入行为在国际开放存取实践中的作用日益突显,而关于开放存取中的政府行为研究除了在部分政府咨询报告中提及,却较少被学界所关注。此外,从国际开放存取运动发展来看,我国开放存取仍处于初步发展阶段,虽然其出版市场尚未成熟,但有关出版转型、资费模式、可持续发展等势必面临挑战。因此,本文以史为鉴,以博弈规则、公共产品理论为基础,为开放存取中政府介入行为探寻理论依据;通过研究开放存取运动史中政府的介入行为转变规律,总结出其行为的阶段性、市场导向性、学科性等特点;结合欧美、英国、印度、日本、法国等国外典型案例分析,建议我国政府部门在调查现状、平衡关系、激励示范、政策环境等方面发挥作用。

The government plays a more and more important role in the international open access （OA for short） prac- tices, while the research on it is not enough, only be mentioned in some government reports. In addition, comparing with the foreign countries, open access in China is still at the preliminary stage. Although the market is not yet mature, but the rele- vant problems as publication charges, patterns transformation, sustainable development are bound to be faced. Taking histo- ry as a guide, based on the game rules in open access market and the theory of public goods, this paper explores the theoret- ical basis of governments＇ intervention in OA market. It analyzes the government behaviors during different OA movement sta- ges, summarizes three characteristics as periodicity, market-orientation and disciplinary. Contrasted with the typical cases in foreign countries, as European countries, the United States, Britain, India, Japan, France, it illustrates that the Chinese gov- ernment should play a role in identifying situation, balancing interests of Stakeholders, making demonstration effect, and maintaining a good policy environment to assist our open access to advance with the times.