开放数据视域下的国外被遗忘权法律规制发展动向研究

Study on the Development Trends of Legal Regulation Abroad of the Right to Be Forgotten under the Perspective of Open Data

伴随着开放数据运动中个人信息保护所面临的巨大挑战,2012年,欧盟在个人数据保护立法草案中正式提出"被遗忘权"的概念,试图有针对性地加强网络环境下的个人信息自决权,主张民众有权要求相关机构删除与个人有关的信息。本文阐述了在开放数据视角下被遗忘权的概念及随之演化出的数字化特征,着重介绍了欧盟、美国等国家的立法状况,并探讨了相关国家的责任实施及搜索引擎公司对该项权利的落实与实践操作,继而提出在我国本土化构建的过程中应当合理界定被遗忘权的概念及法律属性,以在开放数据运动中对个人信息予以保护,并加快我国个人信息保护立法进程。

The protection of personal information faces tremendous challenges alongside of the open data movement. In 2012, the EU formally proposed the concept of ＂the right to be forgotten＂ in the draft legislation on personal data protection, attempting to strengthen the right to self-determination of personal information under the network environment, argued that people have the right to require the relevant authorities to erasure their personal data. This paper describes the concept of the right to be forgotten and the evolution of right digital features under open data perspective, focusing on the introduction of the legislation of EU, United States and other countries, and discussing the implement of related national responsibility and the search engine company on implementation and practice operation. Moreover, the paper puts forward that we should reasona- bly define the concept and legal attributes of the right to be forgotten in China, to protect personal information under the envi- ronment of open data movement, and to accelerate the legislation of Chinese personal information protection.