吉林长春秸秆能源化利用的易货合同模式调查

Investigation of Crop-stalks Energy Utilization of Barter Contract in Changchun

在国家能源局和吉林省能源局共同支持下,吉林长春积极探索秸秆禁烧与秸秆能源化利用的模式,通过"易货合同模式"发展秸颗秆粒成型燃料,有效解决了秸秆禁烧、农民用能问题,同时还改善农村生活环境,为当地农民提供了就业机会,值得有条件的地区学习借鉴。通过对吉林长春秸秆能源化利用的调研发现,用"易货合同模式"发展秸秆颗粒成型燃料,可以调动政府、企业和农民三方共同发展秸秆新能源的积极性。该模式的优点主要有以下三个方面:第一,较好地解决了生物质发电和传统颗粒燃料发展中的秸秆收集瓶颈问题,企业秸秆原料有保障,降低了企业经营风险并持续获得稳定收益;第二,农民利用自己家废弃的玉米秸秆,不花钱就能用上清洁、高效的生物质能源,改变了农村传统的用能方式;第三,在发展秸秆新能源的同时,增加了当地就业,解决秸秆焚烧的难题。该模式之所以有上述优势,是因为在易货合同新能源发展模式的设计时,以"易货"为纽带,将解决农民用能问题与新能源产业稳定发展结合起来,将解决秸秆禁烧问题与秸秆能源化利用结合起来,将解决秸秆收集问题与秸秆成型颗粒燃料市场开拓结合起来,有效调动秸秆成型燃料产业链条上各利益主体的积极性。易货合同模式发展新能源存在亟需解决的问题:第一,在我国农村能源贫困问题依然存在的大背景下,缺乏针对解决农村用能问题的秸秆能源化利用政策,吉林长春的秸秆能源化利用的易货合同模式属于探索,需要更高层面的肯定和支持;第二,农民生活能源消费支出习惯不利于秸秆能源化利用;第三,"易货"秸秆颗粒燃料发展模式尚处初期探索阶段,缺少行业标准、扶持政策不到位,生产企业装备的技术含量不高,多数生产企业规模小,产业链条不完整,可持续发展能力弱。用"易货合同模式"发展秸秆颗粒成型燃料新能源,有可能成为我国部分地区改变农民以柴草为主要炊事取暖能源现状的有效手段,是农村秸秆大规模能源化的途径之一。为此建议:第一,在重点地区开展"易货合同模式"发展生物质颗粒燃料的试点工作,探索一条将农民用能、秸秆能源化利用与秸秆禁烧有机结合起来的新能源发展之路;第二,建议农业部设立国家"农村能源贫困扶助基金"和"农村秸秆能源化利用基金",重点支持农业省区和农村能源贫困地区发展秸秆颗粒燃料;第三,积极鼓励探索适合农林废弃物能源化利用的各种发展模式。

Under the support of National Energy Administration and the Energy Administration of Jilin Province, Changchun in Jilin Province actively explore the mode of crop-stalks energy utilization of barter contract, a new model of crop stalks energy utilization, show a favorable economic and social value in the crop stalks burning ban, substitution of coal, settlement of farmers＇ winter heating issue, improvement of rural living environment, job creation of farmers and any other aspects. It can be observed from the survey on the utilization of crop stalks through barter contract in Changchun： as an approach to develop renewable energy sources （ biomass pellet fuel） , the signing of the barter contract contributes to the combination of the settlement of energy shortage in rural areas and steady development of renewable energy, is conducive to the link of prohibition of straw burning and utilization biomass pellet fuel and the link between collecting of the crop straws and market development of biomass pellet fuel. It can also motivate the government, enterprises and farmers to develop the use of renewable energy hence. It is a better solution to the difficulty in crop straws collecting for biomass power generation and conventional pellet bio-fuels development. Meanwhile, the farmers can use clean and efficient biomass energy without any cost;the companies can reduce the business risk and achieve stable income and durative growth;the aims of the renewable energy development, job creation and straw burning problems have been achieved. The development of biomass pellet bio-fuels through the signing of barter contract can effectively change the traditional way of cooking and heating by burning straw so as to achieve a large-scale use of biomass energy. The problems in the development of crop stalks pellet fuel （ CSPF ） as follows： Firstly, from the investigation, we found that, under a large background that still existing poverty of rural energy in China, our country ＇ s energy utilization policy of crop stalks take the problem of farmers＇ energy utilization less into consideration. Secondly, farmers＇ living energy consumption habit is not conducive to the crop stalks energy utilization. Thirdly, the development mode of CSPF through ＇barter contract model＇ is still in the early stage of exploration, the government＇ s lack of the industry standards, policy support is not in the right place, the equipments＇ technical level is not high in production enterprises, and so on. Suggestions is as follows： At the first place, developing experimental work on BPF through＇barter contract model＇ and exploring a renewable energy development road that can organically combine farmers＇ energy utilization, crop stalks energy utilization and crop stalks burning ban. At the second place, we suggest the Ministry of Agriculture establishing national Rural Energy Poverty Aid Fund and Rural Crop Stalks Energy Utilization Fund, aiming to focusing on supporting the development of CSPF in agricultural provinces and rural energy poverty area. The last but not the least, we actively encourage to do exploration of energy utilization models of agricultural and forestry wastes in different forms.