层级体系中的分权形式与组织运行效率

The Form of Decentralization of Authority and the Effectiveness of Organization's Operation in a Hierarchic System

庞大的层级体系不可避免地存在分权要求,而分权形式也影响着"上下层级"间的关系,以及组织运行效率。具体分权形式的差异,除了需要辨明稳定性的不同(权变性VS契约性)之外,还需要考虑其中是否存在可置信的任责。纵向分权和横向分权、权变性分权与契约性分权等分权形式及其关系的考察和辨明,有助于把握组织运行的一些现实规律,并推进和改革相关的制度设计。针对政府、企业等组织的一些制度安排或实践性案例的分析,在一定程度上可以与这一理论相印证。

A huge hierarchic system has an inherent need for decentralization of authority whose forms, in turn, will affect the relationship between high and low levels in the system, and the effectiveness of organiza-tion’ s operation.In order to make clear the difference among these forms, it is necessary for us to analyze the constancy of them, and to check whether they have credible commitments or not.The analysis of the forms, as well as the relationship of them, of decentralization of authority, such as the vertical separation of powers and the horizontal separation of powers, the contingent decentralization and the contractual decentralization, is helpful for holding and understanding some laws and principles of the operation and behaviors of organization, and advancing the related institutions’ design within the hierarchic system.Some arrangements and practical cases from the organizations such as governments and enterprises can be served as evidences of this theory.