从领域一般到领域特殊:教学研究范式的重心转移

From Domain-generality to Domain-specificity: The Shift of Teaching Research Paradigm

教学研究范式发生了从领域一般到领域特殊的重心转移,具体表现为研究的核心信念从普适性规律转向特殊性存在,研究重心从教学形式转向教学内容,研究路径从演绎逻辑转向归纳逻辑,研究旨趣从理论兴趣转向实践兴趣。导致这种转向的思想基础是哲学从现代理性主义转向了后现代主义,心理学从观念心理学、机能心理学、行为主义心理学转向了认知心理学、情境学习理论。领域一般教学研究范式与领域特殊教学研究范式并不是对立的关系,而是路径相异、功能互补的关系。认识各自的价值与局限,修正自身的偏颇,彼此相向而行,是使两者有机融合,获得综合理论,发挥两种研究范式综合效用的关键。

There is a shift from domain-generality to domain-specificity happened at teaching research paradigm, while the specific representations show as that the research belief shifts from universal discipline to specific existence, the research focuses on teaching form transfers to teaching content, the research method goes from deduction to induction, and the research interest shifts from theoretic interest to practical interest. The thinking basis which causes this shift is that philosophy transfers from modern rationalism to post-modernism, and psychology goes from idealism, functionalism, and behaviorism to cognitivism and context learning theory. The relation between domain- generality and domain-specificity teaching research paradigm is deferent on path and complementation rather than mutual exclusion. It is important for both to acknowledge its own value and limit, rectify its partiality and go forward each other to make these two kinds of paradigms merge together, generate comoosite theore.and get synthesized effects.